Vuam yog txheej txheem siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam, xws li kev tsim kho, tsim khoom, thiab kho tsheb.Thaum vuam yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb, nws tseem muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij uas tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob hnyav yog tias tsis ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb.Cov lus qhia pib no yog npaj los muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm vuam, suav nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej (PPE), kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb, thiab kev phom sij uas yuav tsum paub txog.
Vim li cas kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb hauv vuam?
Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev vuam rau ntau qhov laj thawj:
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej:
Vuam muaj ntau yam kev phom sij, suav nrog cov cua kub hnyav, sparks, thiab cov pa phem.Kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, xws li hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog (PPE), xyuas kom cov vuam vuam raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev kub hnyiab, qhov muag raug mob, teeb meem ua pa, thiab lwm yam kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Phem:
Kev ua haujlwm vuam feem ntau yog ua haujlwm nrog cov nplaim taws qhib, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab hluav taws xob tam sim no.Kev tsis saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj xwm txheej, xws li hluav taws kub, tawg, hluav taws xob poob, thiab ntog.Ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb kom raug txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm.
Kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv:
Vuam tsim fumes thiab gases uas tuaj yeem ua rau lom yog tias nqus tau.Kev raug cov tshuaj no ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa, kab mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv mus ntev.Los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab ua pa kom raug thiab siv kev tiv thaiv ua pa, cov vuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Ua raws li cov cai:
Tsoom fwv thiab cov koom haum tswj hwm tau tsim cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb thiab cov qauv rau kev ua haujlwm vuam.Kev ua raws li cov cai no tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua raws li txoj cai xwb tab sis kuj ua kom lub chaw ua haujlwm ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog.Kev ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb pab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo, tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab zam kev nplua lossis raug cai.
Productivity thiab Efficiency:
Kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, xws li kev cob qhia kom raug thiab siv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo.Thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm xav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm lawv ib puag ncig, lawv tuaj yeem tsom mus rau lawv txoj haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev phom sij.Qhov no ua rau muaj kev tsim khoom ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Reputation thiab Trust:
Cov tuam txhab uas saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb hauv lawv cov kev lag luam vuam qhia lawv txoj kev mob siab rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm.Qhov kev cog lus no ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg siv khoom, thiab cov pej xeem.Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb zoo thiab lub koob npe nrov rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem nyiam cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj thiab txhim kho lub tuam txhab cov duab hauv kev lag luam.
Kev txuag nqi:
Kev nqis peev hauv kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb yuav xav tau cov nqi them ua ntej, tab sis thaum kawg nws ua rau kev txuag nyiaj hauv lub sijhawm ntev.Kev tiv thaiv kev raug mob thiab kev raug mob yuav txo tau cov nqi kho mob, cov neeg ua hauj lwm cov nyiaj pab them nqi kho mob, thiab cov peev txheej raws cai.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyab xeeb txo qis cov khoom siv puas tsuaj, lub sijhawm poob qis, thiab kev kho tus nqi kim.
Hauv kev xaus, kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev phom sij, tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo, tswj kev noj qab haus huv, ua raws li cov cai, txhim kho kev tsim khoom, thiab tsim lub koob npe zoo.Kev nyab xeeb ua ntej tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov welders tab sis kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab ua tiav vuam.
Dab tsi yog Qhov Kev Nyab Xeeb Tseem Ceeb hauv Vuam?
Muaj ntau yam kev phom sij tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog vuam uas cov welding yuav tsum tau paub txog thiab ceev faj.Cov kev phom sij no suav nrog:
Arc Flash:
Arc flash yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam.Nws yog hais txog kev tso tawm cov cua sov thiab lub teeb uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm vuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm arc vuam txheej txheem xws li shielded hlau arc vuam (SMAW) los yog roj hlau arc vuam (GMAW).Nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag yog tias tsis siv kev tiv thaiv zoo.Welders yuav tsum tau hnav ib lub kaus mom hlau uas tsim nyog nws pib tsaus ntuj los tiv thaiv arc flash.
Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm arc flash hauv vuam yog:
Raug UV thiab IR hluav taws xob:
Welding arcs emit hnyav ultraviolet (UV) thiab infrared (IR) hluav taws xob.UV hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij kub hnyiab zoo ib yam li kev tshav ntuj, thaum IR hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab.Kev raug rau cov hluav taws xob ntev ntev yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab thiab kev puas tsuaj mus ntev.
Nthuav lub teeb thiab kub:
Qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov vuam arc tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag tsis pom thiab ua rau qhov muag tsis pom kev ib ntus lossis mus tas li yog tias qhov muag tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo.Cov cua sov uas tsim los ntawm cov arc kuj tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txawm tias nyob deb ntawm kev ua haujlwm vuam.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv arc flash phom sij, cov vuam yuav tsum tau ceev faj hauv qab no:
Hnav tiv thaiv qhov muag tsim nyog:
Lub kaus mom hlau vuam nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv lub qhov muag ntawm lub teeb hnyav thiab hluav taws xob tawm thaum lub vuam.Qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub lens yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov amperage siv.
Siv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv:
Welders yuav tsum hnav cov khaub ncaws uas tiv taus nplaim taws, xws li lub tsho vuam los yog lub kaus mom, los tiv thaiv lawv cov tawv nqaij los ntawm cov nplaim taws, cov hlau molten, thiab cov cua sov tsim thaum lub sij hawm vuam.Lub tes tsho ntev, ris, thiab cov khau kaw-toe yuav tsum hnav.
Siv qhov cua kom zoo:
Qhov cua kom txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab cov pa taws los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.Kev ua pa kom zoo yuav pab txo kom raug cov tshuaj lom thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua pa.
Ua raws li kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb:
Welders yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias thaj chaw ua haujlwm tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, xws li cov hluav taws tua hluav taws, tau yooj yim.Ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug thiab tswj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob deb ntawm lub arc tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm arc flash.
Tau txais kev cob qhia kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog kev phom sij arc flash, txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb, thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej.Lawv yuav tsum paub txog cov txheej txheem teb xwm txheej ceev thaum muaj xwm txheej arc flash.
Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog arc flash thiab ua raws li cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog, cov vuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev phom sij thiab txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub hnyiab thiab qhov muag raug mob.
Fumes thiab Gases:
Vuam tsim cov pa phem thiab gases, xws li ozone, nitrogen oxides, thiab hlau fumes.Kev raug cov tshuaj no ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa, kab mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv.Welders yuav tsum xyuas kom muaj qhov cua zoo hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov kab mob no thiab siv kev tiv thaiv ua pa, xws li lub tshuab ua pa lossis lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, raws li kev pom zoo.Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog vuam pa taws thiab cov pa roj muaj xws li:
Teeb meem ua pa:
Kev nqus cov pa welding thiab roj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem ua pa, xws li vuam fume fever, bronchitis, hawb pob, thiab lwm yam kab mob ntsws.Kev raug cov tshuaj no ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv mus ntev.
Hlau fume fever:
Hlau fume fever yog ib hom mob khaub thuas uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus cov pa hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zinc oxide fumes.Cov tsos mob muaj xws li kub taub hau, ua daus no, mob taub hau, xeev siab, thiab mob leeg.Txawm hais tias feem ntau ib ntus, kev rov tshwm sim dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntev.
Toxic gases:
Cov txheej txheem vuam tsim muaj cov pa phem, xws li ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, thiab ntau yam hlau oxides.Kev nqus cov pa no tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa ua pa, kiv taub hau, xeev siab, thiab thaum mob hnyav, asphyxiation lossis lom.
Carcinogenic tshuaj:
Qee qhov vuam fumes muaj cov tshuaj carcinogenic, xws li hexavalent chromium, npib tsib xee, thiab cadmium.Kev raug cov tshuaj no ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob ntsws, caj pas, lossis lwm yam mob qog noj ntshav.
Txhawm rau txo qhov phom sij cuam tshuam nrog vuam pa taws thiab roj, cov welds yuav tsum tau ceev faj hauv qab no:
Xyuas kom muaj qhov cua kom zoo:
Qhov cua kom txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab cov pa taws los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.Lub tshuab tso pa tawm hauv zos, xws li fume extractors lossis hoods, yuav tsum tau siv los ntes thiab tshem tawm cov pa taws ntawm qhov chaw.Kev ua pa dav dav, xws li kiv cua lossis qhib qhov rooj / qhov rai, tuaj yeem pab txhim kho huab cua.
Siv kev tiv thaiv ua pa:
Thaum qhov cua tsis txaus lossis thaum ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw kaw, cov vuam yuav tsum siv kev tiv thaiv ua pa kom tsim nyog, xws li lub tshuab ua pa lossis lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, txhawm rau lim tawm cov pa phem thiab cov pa phem.Kev xaiv lub tshuab ua pa yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb thiab hom kab mob uas tshwm sim.
Xaiv cov txheej txheem qis qis thiab cov khoom siv:
Qee cov txheej txheem vuam tsim cov pa taws tsawg dua thiab cov pa roj piv rau lwm tus.Piv txwv li, gas hlau arc vuam (GMAW) nrog cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau tsim cov pa taws tsawg dua li flux-cored arc vuam (FCAW).Kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab cov khoom siv kuj tuaj yeem pab txo qis cov pa phem.
Khaws thaj chaw ua haujlwm kom huv si:
Tsis tu ncua ntxuav thaj chaw ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov plua plav, khib nyiab, thiab pa taws.Kev pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg kom zoo, xws li cov khoom siv khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob.
Tau txais kev cob qhia kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog cov pa taws thiab cov pa roj, nrog rau kev siv cov tshuab ua pa kom zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv ua pa.Kev nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo thiab ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kev phom sij no.
Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb no thiab paub txog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog vuam pa taws thiab cov pa roj, cov welders tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev ua pa thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv mus ntev.
Hluav taws xob poob siab:
Hluav taws xob poob siab yog lwm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam.Vuam muaj cov hluav taws xob siab uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws xob poob siab yog tias tsis ua raws li kev ceev faj kom raug.Welders yuav tsum tsis txhob kov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv vuam yog qhov zoo.Kev tshuaj xyuas cov cables rau kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis txhob sib cuag nrog cov chaw ntub dej lossis dej thaum vuam kuj tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob poob siab.Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob poob hauv vuam muaj xws li:
Hlawv:
Hluav taws xob poob siab tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab heev rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov khoom nruab nrog cev.Cov cua sov uas tsim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab yuav tsum tau kho mob.
Lub plawv nres:
Hluav taws xob poob siab tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv nres, uas yog kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tam sim.Cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub plawv dhia, ua rau lub plawv nres.
Cov paj hlwb puas:
Hluav taws xob poob siab tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau loog loog, tingling, lossis tsis hnov tsw ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam.Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag tes tuag taw lossis tsis tswj cov leeg.
Txhawm rau txo qhov phom sij cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob poob siab, cov vuam yuav tsum tau ceev faj hauv qab no:
Siv grounding kom zoo:
Tag nrho cov khoom siv vuam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv av kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob poob.Lub tshuab vuam, lub tshuab ua haujlwm, thiab lub rooj vuam yuav tsum tau txuas nrog rau hauv av cable kom paub meej tias txhua yam tam sim no raug coj mus rau hauv av.
Tshawb xyuas cov cuab yeej tsis tu ncua:
Cov cuab yeej siv vuam yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau cov cim ntawm kev hnav thiab tsim kua muag, xws li cov kab frayed los yog puas rwb thaiv tsev.Cov khoom puas yuav tsum tau kho lossis hloov tam sim ntawd kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob poob.
Siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog, xws li hnab looj tes roj hmab thiab khau, kom tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab.Cov hnab looj tes thiab khau looj plab hlaub yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua kom pom tias muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Tsis txhob ntub dej:
Vuam yuav tsum tsis txhob ua nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob uas ntub dej los yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntub dej.Cov dej ntub dej ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab, vim dej yog qhov zoo ntawm hluav taws xob.
Tau txais kev cob qhia kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob poob siab thiab siv cov khoom siv vuam kom zoo.Kev nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo thiab ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kev phom sij no.
Los ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb no thiab paub txog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob poob siab hauv vuam, cov vuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Hluav taws kub thiab tawg:
Hluav taws kub thiab tawg yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam.Cov nplaim taws thiab cov hlau kub uas tsim los thaum vuam tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tawg yooj yim, ua rau hluav taws kub lossis tawg.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv qhov chaw, xws li cov hluav taws tua hluav taws thiab cov teeb meem hluav taws kub.Kuj pom zoo kom muaj hluav taws saib thaum thiab tom qab vuam.Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws thiab tawg hauv vuam muaj xws li:
Ignition ntawm cov ntaub ntawv flammable:
Vuam sparks thiab cua sov tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li cov kuab tshuaj, roj, thiab roj.Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub lossis tawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov khoom thiab raug mob rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Combustible plua plav:
Vuam tsim cov plua plav thiab cov khib nyiab, uas tuaj yeem ua kom tawg tau thaum sib xyaw nrog huab cua.Yog tias ignited, combustible plua plav tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub lossis tawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw kaw.
Oxygen enrichment:
Cov txheej txheem vuam uas siv cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem ua kom cov pa oxygen nyob hauv huab cua, uas tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem hluav taws kub.Oxygen enrichment tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom kub hnyiab tau yooj yim dua thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub ceev.
Txhawm rau txo qhov phom sij cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws thiab tawg hauv vuam, cov vuam yuav tsum tau ceev faj hauv qab no:
Khaws thaj chaw ua haujlwm kom huv si:
Tsis tu ncua ntxuav thaj chaw ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov plua plav, cov khib nyiab, thiab cov khoom tawg.Kev pov tseg kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, xws li cov khoom siv khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob.
Siv qhov cua kom zoo:
Kev ua pa kom txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab cov pa taws los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov plua plav combustible.Lub tshuab tso pa tawm hauv zos, xws li fume extractors lossis hoods, yuav tsum tau siv los ntes thiab tshem tawm cov pa taws ntawm qhov chaw.Kev ua pa dav dav, xws li kiv cua lossis qhib qhov rooj / qhov rai, tuaj yeem pab txhim kho huab cua.
Siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog, xws li cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hluav taws, hnab looj tes, thiab khau boots, tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws thiab tawg.
Tsis txhob welding ze ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob:
Vuam yuav tsum tsis txhob ua nyob ze cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li cov kuab tshuaj, roj, thiab roj.Yog tias qhov vuam ze ze ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tsim nyog, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tsim nyog, xws li cov hluav taws tua hluav taws, yuav tsum tau yooj yim.
Tau txais kev cob qhia kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws thiab tawg hauv vuam thiab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom raug.Kev nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo thiab ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kev phom sij no.
Los ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb no thiab paub txog cov kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws thiab tawg hauv vuam, cov vuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij raug mob:
Kev raug mob ntawm qhov muag thiab daim tawv nqaij yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim hauv vuam.Vuam tsim lub teeb ci, kub, thiab hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij puas tsuaj yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo.Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij raug mob hauv vuam muaj xws li:
Arc flash:
Arc flash yog ib qho kev tso tawm sai sai ntawm cov cua sov thiab lub teeb uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum vuam.Nws tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab rau qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag puas.
Vuam fumes:
Vuam fumes muaj cov tshuaj lom, xws li hlau oxides thiab gases, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa thiab khaus tawv nqaij.Kev cuam tshuam rau cov pa taws ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob ntev, xws li mob ntsws cancer thiab kub taub hau hlau.
Ultraviolet (UV) hluav taws xob:
Vuam tsim hluav taws xob UV, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij puas.Kev raug UV ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau cataracts, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab lwm yam tawv nqaij.
Txhawm rau txo qhov phom sij cuam tshuam nrog qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij raug mob hauv vuam, cov vuam yuav tsum tau ceev faj hauv qab no:
Siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog, xws li vuam kaus mom hlau nrog nws pib-tso lo ntsiab muag, tsom iav kev nyab xeeb nrog cov ntaub thaiv sab, thiab cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hluav taws, tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm vuam.
Siv qhov cua kom zoo:
Qhov cua txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab cov pa taws los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj lom.Lub tshuab tso pa tawm hauv zos, xws li fume extractors lossis hoods, yuav tsum tau siv los ntes thiab tshem tawm cov pa taws ntawm qhov chaw.
Siv cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug:
Cov txheej txheem vuam kom zoo, xws li tswj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob deb ntawm lub arc thiab tsis txhob saib ncaj qha rau ntawm lub arc, tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij raug mob.
Tau txais kev cob qhia kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij raug mob hauv vuam thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej kom raug.Kev nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo thiab ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kev phom sij no.
Los ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb no thiab paub txog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij raug mob hauv vuam, cov vuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Suab nrov:
Lub suab nrov yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam.Vuam ua rau muaj suab nrov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub pob ntseg puas yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo.Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog lub suab nrov hauv vuam muaj xws li:
Tsis hnov lus:
Kev raug suab nrov tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov lus mus tas li, xws li tsis hnov lus lossis tinnitus.Kev raug lub suab nrov ntev dua 85 decibels (dB) tuaj yeem ua rau hnov lus puas.
Kev sib txuas lus nyuaj:
Cov suab nrov ntau tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm sib txuas lus nyuaj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv rau kev nyab xeeb.
Txhawm rau txo qhov phom sij cuam tshuam nrog lub suab nrov hauv vuam, cov vuam yuav tsum tau ceev faj hauv qab no:
Siv kev tiv thaiv kev hnov lus kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum hnav cov kev tiv thaiv kev hnov lus zoo, xws li pob ntseg lossis pob ntseg, los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm lub suab nrov.Kev tiv thaiv kev hnov lus yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qib suab nrov thiab lub sijhawm raug.
Siv qhov cua kom zoo:
Qhov cua txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab cov pa taws los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj lom.Lub tshuab tso pa tawm hauv zos, xws li fume extractors lossis hoods, yuav tsum tau siv los ntes thiab tshem tawm cov pa taws ntawm qhov chaw.Qhov no tuaj yeem pab txo qis suab nrov hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm.
Siv cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug:
Cov txheej txheem vuam kom zoo, xws li siv cov ntaub thaiv vuam lossis cov ntxaij vab tshaus kom muaj lub suab nrov, tuaj yeem pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov suab nrov.
Tau txais kev cob qhia kom raug:
Welders yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog lub suab nrov hauv vuam thiab siv kev tiv thaiv kev hnov lus zoo.Kev nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo thiab ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov kev phom sij no.
Los ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb no thiab paub txog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog lub suab nrov hauv vuam, cov vuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hnov lus puas thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Ergonomic Hazards:
ergonomic txaus ntshai yog hais txog cov kev pheej hmoo uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob musculoskeletal (MSDs) thiab lwm yam kev raug mob ntawm lub cev hauv vuam.Vuam feem ntau suav nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg, rov ua dua, thiab nqa hnyav.Cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob musculoskeletal, xws li hom kab mob, sprains, thiab teeb meem nraub qaum.Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog ergonomic teeb meem hauv vuam muaj xws li:
Ua tsis zoo postures:
Vuam feem ntau xav kom cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev, xws li khoov, ncav cuag, lossis sib tw.Cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg thiab pob qij txha, ua rau tsis xis nyob thiab muaj peev xwm raug mob.
Rov ua dua cov lus tsa suab:
Vuam txoj haujlwm feem ntau suav nrog kev rov ua dua, xws li cov hlaws hlaws lossis sib tsoo.Kev rov ua dua tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob ntau dhau, xws li tendonitis lossis carpal tunnel syndrome.
Hnyav lifting:
Cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv vuam tuaj yeem hnyav, xav kom cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm nqa, nqa, lossis thawb / rub.Cov txheej txheem nqa tsis raug lossis kev thauj khoom ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau sab nraub qaum thiab ua rau muaj kev raug mob nraub qaum.
Vibration raug:
Cov cuab yeej vuam, xws li grinders lossis chipping hammers, tuaj yeem tsim kev vibrations uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau ob txhais tes thiab caj npab.Kev cuam tshuam ntev rau kev co tuaj yeem ua rau tes caj npab vibration syndrome (HAVS) thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam.
Txhawm rau txo qhov phom sij cuam tshuam nrog ergonomic teeb meem hauv vuam, cov vuam yuav tsum tau ceev faj hauv qab no:
Ua kom zoo lub cev mechanics:
Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau kawm txog cov txheej txheem nqa kom zoo thiab lub cev tshuab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis tsim nyog rau cov leeg thiab pob qij txha.Qhov no suav nrog kev siv ob txhais ceg los nqa, ua kom rov qab ncaj, thiab zam kev sib tw.
Siv cov khoom siv ergonomic:
Welders yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv ergonomic, xws li cov chaw ua haujlwm kho tau, vuam manipulators, lossis ergonomic vuam torches, txhawm rau txo qis ntawm lub cev thiab txhawb nqa lub cev kom zoo.
Siv sijhawm so tsis tu ncua:
Kev so tsis tu ncua thaum ua haujlwm vuam tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob ntau dhau.Kev tawm dag zog los yog hloov txoj haujlwm thaum so kuj tuaj yeem pab txo qis cov leeg nqaij thiab txhawb cov ntshav ncig.
Siv cov cuab yeej pab:
Welders yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej pab, xws li nqa cov khoom siv lossis cov cuab yeej ergonomic, kom txo tau lub cev muaj zog cuam tshuam nrog kev nqa hnyav lossis rov ua haujlwm dua.
Tsim qhov chaw ua haujlwm ergonomically:
Lub vuam workstation yuav tsum tau tsim los txhawb kom lub cev muaj zog thiab txo qis.Qhov no suav nrog kev kho qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, muab cov mats tiv thaiv kev qaug zog, thiab ua kom muaj teeb pom kev txaus.
Los ntawm kev siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb no thiab paub txog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem ergonomic hauv vuam, cov vuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob musculoskeletal thiab lwm yam kev raug mob ntawm lub cev, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo ua haujlwm.
Qhov tseem ceeb Vuam khoom siv kev nyab xeeb
Vuam yog ib qho kev phom sij uas yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb kom zoo los tiv thaiv cov welder thiab lwm yam hauv cheeb tsam.Cov hauv qab no yog cov cuab yeej siv kev ruaj ntseg vuam tseem ceeb:
Weld kaus mom hlau:
Lub vuam kaus mom hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej siv kev nyab xeeb rau cov welder.Nws tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag, qhov muag, thiab caj dab los ntawm lub teeb hnyav, kub, thiab hluav taws xob tsim thaum lub vuam.Vuam kaus mom hlau yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub lens ntxoov ntxoo tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem vuam tau ua.
Welding hnab looj tes:
Vuam hnab looj tes tiv thaiv tus welder txhais tes los ntawm tshav kub, sparks, thiab molten hlau tsim thaum lub sij hawm vuam.Lawv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws-resistant cov ntaub ntawv thiab muab cov dexterity txaus rau txoj haujlwm vuam.
Vuam Jacket:
Lub tsho welding muab kev tiv thaiv rau lub cev sab sauv los ntawm cov pa taws, cua sov, thiab hluav taws xob tsim thaum lub sijhawm vuam.Nws yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thiab npog ntawm caj npab, lub cev, thiab caj dab.
Vuam khau boots:
Vuam khau tiv thaiv cov welder ko taw los ntawm cov nplaim taws, cua sov, thiab cov khoom poob.Lawv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom ruaj khov, nplaim taws-resistant thiab muab kev zoo traction kom tsis txhob plam thiab ntog.
Lub tshuab ua pa:
Vuam tsim fumes thiab gases uas tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem yog tias nqus tau.Lub tshuab ua pa yuav tsum tau hnav los tiv thaiv tus welder los ntawm kev ua pa ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo no.Hom kev ua pa xav tau yuav nyob ntawm qhov txheej txheem vuam thiab hom fumes tsim.
Kev nyab xeeb tsom iav:
Kev nyab xeeb tsom iav tiv thaiv cov welder lub qhov muag los ntawm ya cov khib nyiab thiab sparks.Lawv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab muab kev tiv thaiv sab.
Earplugs los yog earmuffs:
Vuam ua rau muaj suab nrov uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus welder tsis hnov lus.Earplugs lossis earmuffs yuav tsum tau hnav los tiv thaiv kev hnov lus puas.
Hluav taws kub extinguisher:
Lub tshuab tua hluav taws yuav tsum tau yooj yim muaj thaum muaj hluav taws.Hom hluav taws kub uas xav tau yuav nyob ntawm seb hom hluav taws kub yuav tshwm sim.
Los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej vuam tsim nyog, cov vuam vuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej thiab lwm tus hauv cheeb tsam los ntawm kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog vuam.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau siv tag nrho cov cuab yeej uas tau hais los saum toj no kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm.
Khaws Chaw Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum vuam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom khaws cov khoom siv hauv qab no:
Hluav taws kub extinguisher:
Muaj ib lub tshuab tua hluav taws nyob ze yog tias muaj hluav taws kub ceev.Xyuas kom meej tias lub tshuab tua hluav taws tsim nyog rau kev tua hluav taws uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li hluav taws kub hauv chav kawm C ( hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ) thiab hluav taws kub hauv chav kawm D ( hluav taws kub uas muaj cov hlau combustible ).
Cov khoom siv pab thawj zaug:
Khaws cov khoom siv pab thawj zaug uas zoo nyob ze los daws cov kev raug mob me me uas yuav tshwm sim thaum vuam.Cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj cov khoom xws li ntaub qhwv, tshuaj tua kab mob, hlawv gel, hnab looj tes, thiab txiab.
looj tsom iav dub:
Sib nrug los ntawm kev hnav lub kaus mom hlau, cov tsom iav kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv qhov muag ntxiv los ntawm cov khib nyiab ya los yog cov pa taws uas tuaj yeem hla lub kaus mom hlau.Khaws ib nkawm looj tsom iav kom hnav thaum xav tau.
Welding pam vov los yog curtains:
Vuam daim pam lossis ntaub thaiv yog siv los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob ze ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab tawg.Khaws cov ntaub ntawv no nyob ze los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws kub.
Welding cov ntxaij vab tshaus:
Vuam cov ntxaij vab tshaus yog siv los tsim ib qho kev thaiv ntawm qhov chaw vuam thiab lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm lossis cov neeg hla.Lawv tiv thaiv lwm tus los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm vuam lub teeb, hluav taws xob, thiab sparks.Khaws ib lub tshuab vuam nyob ze los teeb tsa thaj chaw ua haujlwm nyab xeeb.
Vuam pliers los yog clamps:
Vuam pliers lossis clamps yog cov cuab yeej siv los tuav cov hlau kub, tshem tawm slag, lossis tuav cov khoom ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg.Khaws cov cuab yeej no nyob ze kom tsis txhob siv tes liab qab lossis pheej hmoo kub hnyiab.
Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej (PPE):
Ntxiv rau cov kaus mom hlau, hnab looj tes, thiab lub tsho, xyuas kom muaj PPE seem.Qhov no suav nrog cov hnab looj tes ntxiv, tsom iav kev nyab xeeb, lub pob ntseg lossis lub ntsej muag, thiab lwm yam PPE tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem vuam tau ua.
Qhov cua kom zoo:
Qhov cua kom txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab cov pa taws los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.Xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuab ua pa, xws li cov kiv cua tso pa lossis cov fume extractors, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab ua haujlwm zoo.
Los ntawm kev khaws cov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb no ua ke, cov welders tuaj yeem nkag tau sai thaum xav tau, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob lossis raug mob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm vuam.
Xaus:
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov welders yuav tsum paub txog cov kev phom sij no thiab ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog, suav nrog kev hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej kom raug, ua raws li kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb, thiab tau txais kev cob qhia txaus, kom txo qis cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog vuam.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-03-2023